Computerization of Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies (PACS) in Punjab: An Empirical Analysis of Transparency, Efficiency, and System-Level Constraints
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66635/35kbkj11Keywords:
Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies (PACS), Computerization, Digital Transformation, Cooperative Credit Institutions, NABARD, Transparency, Operational Efficiency, Software Usability, Rural Financial InclusionAbstract
The computerization initiative of Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies (PACS) led by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) represents a transformative reform in India's cooperative credit structure. This study adopts a descriptive and exploratory research design based on field observations and structured feedback from 100 PACS across Punjab. The analysis reveals that nearly 85% of PACS reported improved transparency and record digitization, while 70–80% simultaneously faced operational and system-level challenges. The study highlights a critical paradox: digital transformation has enhanced accountability but reduced operational flexibility due to rigid software architecture. The paper concludes with data-driven recommendations to improve usability, reporting systems, and state-specific customization.
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